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Due to a technical problem, two minutes of the intervention are missing. The outage is reduced to a few seconds, starting at 22 min …

We began with chemistry (fifth and sixth lectures) . Borrowing certain analyses from the history of chemistry (Meyerson, Duhem, Peirce), we insisted on the relevance of chemical species as a "paradigm" of natural species, before returning to the problem …

Documents and media Download support Abstract The complexity of integrated circuits has been growing exponentially for almost 45 years, and this pace is unlikely to slow down. The complexity of today's circuits enables the monolithic realization of …

This lecture is directly linked to the lecture given on December 11, 2013 by Edward Lee (UV Berkeley) and entitled " Cyber-Physical Systems: A Fundamental Intellectual Challenge ". It is advisable to view this lecture before the lecture. Documents and …

The third lecture focuses on biochemical reactions involving CO2 . Indeed, living organisms possess fascinating enzymatic systems - the natural catalysts of biological reactions - for transforming CO2 . Studying them helps us understand the natural …

Drieu la Rochelle's apology for action contains a threat to the future, to peace. His phraseology recalls Joseph de Maistre (purification by blood), Nietzsche (the will to power) and Barrès (the cult of the ego). This had worrying consequences for peace. …

The first lecture reviewed the history of cloning and reprogramming - starting with the germ plasm theory proposed at the end of the XIX th century by German biologists August Weismann and Wilhelm Roux. In essence, these researchers postulated that the …