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Abstract In Making Things Happen, I claimed that it is methodologically useful to interpret causal claims as claims about what would happen under interventions. This "interventionist" idea has been criticized on a number of grounds. Among other …

Abstract Causal models, such as structural equation models and causal Bayes nets, naturally provide a conception of causal paths and path-specific effects. These ideas have also been used in accounts of actual causation. In this talk, I explore the …

Abstract "Difference-making" accounts of causation have recently been put to use in solving the "exclusion problem": the problem of explaining how mental properties can be causes if they supervene on but are not identical with their physical realisers. …

Abstract How does a fertilized egg develop into an embryo and subsequently into an adult form? The issue of what causes morphogenesis has fascinated philosophers and biologists alike, at least since Aristotle. One particularly influential and long-running …

Abstract I shall discuss the commitments of the counterfactual theory of causation and how it may be defended against competitors. …

Abstract Ned Hall has argued and many others have concurred that we have two related concepts of causation, roughly one of causation as "production" and one of causation as "dependence". If the two-concept thesis is correct, there is apparently a …

Abstract Constant Conjunction (CC) is criticized by causal realists as being insufficient for causation. Realists often want causation to be CC + something more, such as necessity. But CC is not even a necessary condition for causation, which ought really …

Abstract I argue that there are good theoretical reasons to hold that possible causation and actual causation exist on the same continuum, and suggest that this view can help us account for various controversial cases of redundant causation and causation …

Abstract In 1953 de Broglie's student, Olivier Costa de Beauregard, raised what he took to be an objection to the EPR argument. He pointed out that the EPR assumption of Locality might fail, without action-at-a-distance, so long as the influence in …

Abstract Study of " The architecture of Roman army forts in Egypt's Eastern Desert " from a comparative perspective with the forts of the Roman …

Abstract Today's major environmental issues are energy, water, climate change and biodiversity. Biodiversity was born in the ancestral ocean, built on pre-biotic chemistry derived from earlier geo-diversity, around 3850 million years ago (Ma), when the …

If we try to compare the layout of the Aï Khanoum palace with that of the Nisa central complex, we can see that, despite the major difference in overall layout, there are certain functional similarities: nisa's esplanade would correspond to the palace's …

Traditional interpretation The traditional conception of Zoroastrianism is biographical and prophetic. It is based on the following situation: a prophet preaches a monotheistic doctrine in which concern for ethics supersedes Indo-Iranian sacrificial …