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Abstract Since the end of the 19th century , the idea of a world divided into great civilizations has been central to the academic and political worlds of the United States. During the Cold War, the "free world", as seen from the United States, placed the …

Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, chair Religion, History and Society in the Ancient Greek World Lluis Quintana-Murci, chair Human Genomics and …

Abstract In many respects, the history of international law is intertwined with that of the concept, indeed the standard, of civilization(s) in the West. Indeed, civilization has marked the evolution of this law: from a "right of civilization" of other …

Abstract The word "civilization" seems to have a precise place and date of birth, namely the French language and Victor Riqueti de Mirabeau's treatise L'Ami des hommes (1756, publ. in 1757). Émile Benveniste's study ("Civilisation. Contribution à …

Abstract What does the humanities and social sciences approach to food ( food studies ) owe to the concepts of civilization and identity? In an attempt to answer this question, three scientific movements will be explored: (1) Norbert Elias's "process of …

Abstract Human populations are highly culturally diverse. What influence do these cultural variations have on human genetic diversity? To answer this question, I'll take the example of social organization. For example, the rule of filiation, which …

Abstract This is the question that will be the subject of my new lecture at the Collège de France. It has been prompted by the year 2020, so unexpected and unprecedented in the history of our world, which in the space of a few weeks has found itself …

Abstract Medicine is one of the world's oldest professions, and the aspiration to health is often presented as universal. However, the history of both prevention and therapy reveals stormy and passionate exchanges between the West and the East (China and …

Abstract The first chronologies of Paleolithic times were based on the recognition of a succession of techno-complexes. These chronologies, largely inspired by those established by emerging geology, made abundant use of the "master fossil" concept. A …

Abstract A central concept in genetics, the population is defined as a set of inter-fertile individuals evolving in time and space. Theory predicts that its size, structure and isolation from other populations affect its genetic diversity. At the end of …

Abstract After having harshly defended the idea of the multiplicity of civilizations in Race and History , Lévi-Strauss once again tackles the theme at the heart of a reflection on the future of art. To describe our civilization's mode of action, he uses …

Abstract Civilizations, cultures, societies, races, castes, classes, milieus, ethnic groups, religions, systems of thought, customs, habitus... The categories that are supposed to differentiate human groups and their ways of thinking and acting favour …

Abstract The idea of civilization seems so self-evident that we forget that it emerged only recently, in the second half of the 18th century. For a long time, the antonym of "barbarian" was "policed", and what we consider "cultural areas" were simply …

Abstract For the prehistorian in me, the word "civilization" is somewhat disturbing. I'm sure I'll have a feeling of déjà vu when reading about Egyptian and Aztec civilizations, and I'll willingly accept the arguments of those who tell us about a Cardial …

Abstract The second half of the 18th century saw the emergence of theories of "civilization", based on the rationalization of morals brought about by L'Esprit des lois . In France and Scotland, these emerging theories inherited Montesquieu's …