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Abstract Maximizing likelihood means minimizing a cost function that is the opposite of log likelihood. This minimization can be calculated by gradient descent. Its convergence depends on the Hessian of the cost function. Convergence is guaranteed if the …

Abstract Writer Pascal Quignard offers Collège de France audiences a two-part reflection. Firstly, he offers a brief history of the " defense de l'oublié ", a novelty with its roots in the French Revolution and its development over the course of the 19th …

Abstract According to Valéry, art exists when there are several ways of doing the same thing. But consubstantial with the art of doing is the art of losing. The sense of loss defines aesthetic modernity, which values the idiosyncratic, and thereby induces …

The contemporary emotion aroused by abandoned landscapes raises the theoretical question of the relationship between ruin, wear and tear and collapse. Here, we attempt to address this question through a concrete analysis of the material conditions of …

Marc Fleurbaey Marc Fleurbaey is CNRS research director and professor at the Paris School of Economics. Author of Beyond GDP (with Didier Blanchet, OUP 2013), A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare (with François Maniquet, CUP 2011), and Fairness, …

How can we define and evaluate a fair climate policy for present and future generations? How can we define the common good in such a context? I will present the utilitarian approach to the notion of intergenerational well-being. I will explain how, in a …

Abstract Fast radio bursts, detected since 2007, are still a mystery. Some are repeated, and their origins have been identified as pulsars or highly magnetized neutron stars, like magnetars. The bursts are diverse, however, and there are several theories. …

Abstract Fast radio bursts have yet to be fully understood. Magnetars are magnetic stars that are good candidates for the origin of the phenomenon. However, there are several types of bursts, and a variety of theories. Documents and media Download …

Debating, confronting, insulting : parliamentary and media arenas People, peoples, populisms : Franco-German perspectives This conference contributes to the discussion on the reference to the people in contemporary politics. In-depth analysis of German …

One of the characteristics of genius, as it is often portrayed in commentaries, is that it has no self-knowledge and is incapable of self-explanation. What we know of genius therefore comes, for the most part, from the observations of another who is …

Abstract Solar irradiance plays a key role in many fields, including biomass (agriculture, forestry), oceanography, atmospheric and oceanic movements, human health, architecture and energy: a precise understanding of it is of the utmost importance. The …

Solar energy is sunlight, used since the dawn of time. What are its characteristics? How much does the earth receive? How is it distributed across the planet, on land and in the oceans? How much does a roof, a field or a city receive? How does this energy …

Abstract Challenges are proposed by public services, companies or scientific laboratories, and are based on real-life problems. Participants submit the results of their classification or prediction algorithms, which are then put into competition via the …

Abstract Statistics are essentially based on concentration phenomena, which are consequences of the law of large numbers. We review the weak law of large numbers and the consistency of a parameter estimator. The lecture introduces the estimation of the …