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The ups and downs of Italian politics since the second half of the 19th century share some common features with Germany, such as the alternation of opposing regimes and regional diversity. As in Germany, the exercise of central state power had to contend …

To the southwest of the Nanna sanctuary was a building described by several inscriptions as Gipar-ku, or "pure Gipar". It was linked to a religious function performed by a person with the Sumerian title of "en": in Ur, this was a woman, referred to here …

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Another way of coupling molecular and solid catalysis is to develop homogeneous molecular catalysts (organometallic complexes) and graft them onto the surface of a solid support, preferably transparent and conductive if the aim is to produce catalysts for …

Abstract For the type of lattices considered in this lecture, obtaining a non-zero Chern index requires breaking time-reversal invariance. For a spin-free problem, this requires complex tunnel coefficients. There are two ways of doing this. One is to …

Abstract In the 17th century , Galileo imagined an experiment in which two objects of different natures fell at the same time. Based on the fact that both bodies hit the ground at the same time, Galileo deduced that, in a vacuum, all bodies fall with the …

Interventions Giuliano Milani - Without the king, with the law. Justice, taxation and documentation in the early communes Lorenzo Tanzini - Participation in the communes of medieval Italy Michele Spanò - Instituting the common. Common goods and the …

Nicolas Manel has shown that the ability of HIV2 to express the Vpx protein inhibits the HIV restriction factor SAMHD1, which inhibits reverse transcriptase by deprivation of the deoxynucleotides required for DNA synthesis in dendritic cells, thereby …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus which, by infecting CD4 T lymphocytes, is responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), characterized by opportunistic infections, encephalopathy and tumors leading, in the absence of …

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Digital tools today offer interesting "first intention" solutions within the school to support learning to read, particularly for processes such as decoding, whose implementation requires extra time, massive repetition and individualized supervision. …

Recent advances in Experimental Cognitive Psychology have led to the development of simple tests that assess a child's skills and progress in reading and mental arithmetic. Stanislas Dehaene will show how these ideas can be implemented in tablet-based …

We learn with our brains, and what we learn transforms our brains. The period of childhood and adolescence is one of rapid change, due to the heterogeneous and prolonged maturation schedule of different brain regions. Since time immemorial, schools have …

For several decades now, France has been developing standardized assessment systems to measure student achievement against the expectations of the school system. These observation systems are part of the major statistical surveys carried out by the …

This presentation will relate the efforts needed to move from a successful experiment on a medium scale to a policy that can be accepted and adopted on a large scale. The case followed is that of the "right level" teaching approach, which has proved …

Now in its 15th year, PISA assesses 15-year-old students in over 70 countries around the world. The results, published every three years, show the progress made by each country in terms of the quality, equity and efficiency of educational services. They …

Much of what we know about learning mechanisms and teaching approaches is based on small-scale experiments in highly controlled environments. However, their application in everyday classroom life brings into play a whole range of contextual elements: …

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Numerous studies in cognitive science and neuroscience point to capacities underlying mathematics that are present at birth, that function throughout life in all corners of the world, and that are linked to learning mathematics at school. Could these …

Mobilizing the notions of "textual migrations" (Roger Chartier) and "architextuality" (Gérard Genette), borrowing from contemporary critical theory the concept of "novellisation" (Jan Baetens and Matthieu Letourneux) and from medievalists the question of …

Invited by the Professors' Assembly, at the suggestion of Professor Claire Voisin, holder of the Algebraic Geometry Chair. …

Surface plasmons can be understood as light trapped on the surface of a metal by interaction with its free electrons. As a result, the electromagnetic field of the plasmon is intense at the metal surface. Surface plasmons have a number of advantages which …