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Ophélie Ronce Ophélie Ronce is CNRS Research Director at the Institut des sciences de l'évolution in Montpellier, where she heads the "Evolution & Demography" team. She defended her thesis there in 1999, and was recruited in 2001 after a post-doctorate at …

This lecture will be devoted to the synthetic theory of evolution: its history, the main principles, the evidence and the big questions still to be answered, including those we'll see in the rest of the lecture. Documents and media Download …

Abstract We introduce instant codes defined on finite alphabets of symbols, and prefix codes that can be represented by binary trees. We prove Shannon's theorem, through Kraft's lemma, which shows that the minimum length of these codes is bounded …

Abstract This is written for a general audience and will argue that science is the most long-lasting revolutionary activity known to humankind. It will explain what science is, emphasising the philosophical approach of Karl Popper. This is followed by a …

Abstract In this lecture we will address hosiotēs , one of the ancient Greek words that refers to "piety". Hosiotēs was a key notion in classical Greek religion, reflecting a core value in Athenian democracy. The term refers to what humans should do to …

Jean-Marc Tallon Jean-Marc Tallon is Director of Research at the CNRS and Professor at the Paris School of Economics. His research focuses on the foundations of decision-making in an uncertain environment, and its consequences for the distribution of risk …

I'll show how to take account of the high uncertainties surrounding economic growth and climate sensitivity when determining the discount rate over very long time horizons. Documents and media Download …

One of the instruments of justice was the andurârum , which is to be understood as the " return to original status " : this royal measure cancelled debts, allowed sellers to recover their land, etc. The history of this measure will be studied over the …

Abstract The fall of the Berlin Wall created the illusion of both the reunification of what once belonged together, and the overcoming of the division between Eastern and Western Europe. The ideas of Western-style constitutionalism triumphed in all the …

Abstract Today's threats to biodiversity are manifold. To conserve biodiversity and the countless services it provides, we need to understand how biodiversity was formed and what factors influence its dynamics. The theory of evolution by natural selection …

Abstract There are not one, but two stories to tell about the development of constitutional ideas in Europe: one for Eastern Europe and one for Western Europe. From the Enlightenment onwards, the West of the continent, particularly France, saw itself as …

Abstract Crystalline silicon photovoltaic technology has seen its cost reduced by over 99% since 1976 (from >$70/Wp to less than $0.21/Wp in 2020 according to ITRPV). Strangely enough, between 1989 and 1994, solar cells with conversion efficiencies of …

Abstract Like parafictional statements, metafictional statements also serve to talk about fiction, and therefore adopt an external perspective. They too, correlatively, are judged to be true or false, and not "neither true nor false" like fictional …

Crystalline silicon technology currently accounts for almost 95% of the global photovoltaic market (143 GW by 2020). It is based on the use of silicon wafers (150 to 200 microns), cut from large ingots which then undergo various processing stages …