Collège de France
11, place Marcelin Berthelot
75005 Paris Cedex
Tel: 01 44 27 12 11
This website is the official website of the Collège de France.
Thomas Römer, Chairman of the Collège de France
Collège de France
Any use or exploitation for commercial or promotional purposes is prohibited.
This website is protected by the law of July 1st, 1998, on the legal protection of databases and all its elements, such as text, logos, audio and video recordings, graphics, images, and photographs, which are the exclusive property of the authors and the Collège de France.
In accordance with the provisions of Article L.122-5, paragraph 2, of the Intellectual Property Code, only copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the person making the copy and not intended for collective use are authorized.
The audio and video recordings available on this portal may be downloaded and used solely for private purposes. Any request for authorization for any use whatsoever must first be submitted to the publication director via the webmaster.
The site is optimized for Chrome and Firefox. With the exception of a few minor differences in how it appears, it is also compatible with Safari, Edge, and Opera.
We cannot guarantee access to or proper display of information on older versions of the browsers listed above.
For the best viewing experience, we recommend updating or downloading the latest version of your browser.
The website is hosted on the Collège de France’s server, with the exception of videos, which are hosted on a third-party platform (YouTube). Content from YouTube is embedded in its “cookie-free” version.
The pages viewed on our site are tracked for statistical purposes using the open-source tool Matomo, which is hosted on our servers and strictly complies with the General Data Protection Regulation. Your IP address is anonymized in this tool.
These features allow us to offer users a cookie-free browsing experience, ensuring maximum protection of your personal data.
The Collège de France is also committed to ensuring that any collection and processing of your data complies with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the French Data Protection Act.
Pursuant to the French Data Protection Act of January 6, 1978 (Law No. 78-17 of January 6, 1978, as amended, relating to information technology, files, and civil liberties), you have the right to access, correct, modify, and delete data concerning you. You may exercise this right by simply sending an email to our Data Protection Officer.
In the event of non-compliance regarding the processing of your data, you may file a complaint with the supervisory authority, the CNIL, 3, Place de Fontenoy TSA 80715 75334 PARIS Cedex 07.
Third parties are authorized to create hyperlinks provided that such links do not violate the preceding provisions, copyright law, or the interests of the Collège de France, and that they ensure users can identify the source and author of the links, particularly in the case of deep links, framing, or embedded links.
These links must open in a new window.
Links provided on this website should not be construed as a recommendation, endorsement, or solicitation. The Collège de France assumes no responsibility for the content of these websites or for any use that may be made of them.
The Collège de France assumes no responsibility for the information provided. The Collège de France cannot be held liable in any way for the content of the information appearing on this site or for any consequences that may result from its use or interpretation. Please report any errors or omissions to the Web and Digital Distribution Department.
The scientific documents published on this website are current as of their publication date and do not represent the views of their authors.
The personally identifiable information contained on this server is intended solely for viewing and must not be modified or reproduced, particularly for the purpose of enriching databases—for example, for commercial or advertising purposes, or with the intent to cause harm.
Violators are subject to criminal penalties in accordance with the provisions of the Penal Code (Articles 226-16 through 226-24, “Violations of Individual Rights Resulting from Computer Files or Data Processing,” and Articles 323-1 through 323-7, “Attacks on Automated Data Processing Systems”).
The official language of this website is French. Translations of the texts and menus on this website into other languages are provided to make the site more accessible to a wider audience. In such cases, the French version should be considered the authoritative version.
The English version of this website is provided via machine translation.