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Abstract Poor countries raise relatively few taxes, and this limits their ability to take action to help their populations. How are tax revenues distributed ? How can these countries increase their fiscal …

Abstract The second lecture looked at control structures on a larger scale than the commands (statements ) of the first lecture : the scale of mechanisms for breaking programs down into subroutines, procedures, functions and methods. These linguistic …

Abstract If love is the founding novel of the West, it expresses its political haunts far more than the assurance of its moral edification. This is the case not only in Albert Cohen's Belle du seigneur , but also, thirty   years earlier, in Denis de …

Awards ceremony for the 2023 season's data challenges , with presentation of results by the winners. Access the videos of the 2023 challenges Season 2023 challenge winners Learning radiological anatomy with few shots learning (by Raidium) 1. Jude …

Markov fields make it possible to build data models with many variables and a reduced number of parameters, by imposing that the variables have only local interactions. These are defined on a non-directional graph, such as an image grid. A Markov field …

Abstract In the 17th   century, "   Andromaque   " was used to describe a widow. This meaning, fixed in later texts and in the collective imagination, prevents us from seeing how an author like Racine was able to turn the figure of Andromaque, against the …

Documents and media Download support Abstract In classical antiquity, depictions of children reading are rare, as children were not considered as people in their own right. Indeed, children's reading did not always exist as we know it today. The history …

Abstract Most massive stars live in pairs. Often, since their birth, they have lived close to another star. During their life as a couple, certain events in the life of a star will bring them so close together that they will exchange matter, a phenomenon …

Abstract La Chaumière indienne is a short philosophical tale by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, published in 1791. It depicts the encounter between an English scholar and an Indian outcast, a face-off between the learned culture of the European Enlightenment …

Abstract After a supernova explosion, if the remaining core does not exceed 3 solar masses, it can remain in equilibrium as a neutron star. It is the Pauli pressure of the degenerated neutrons that compensates for gravity. The explosion of the Crab …

Abstract First-person thoughts, i.e. thoughts one would express using the pronoun " I ", are reflexive : the thought I would express by saying " I'm hungry " is about myself as the thinker of that thought. In this seminar, I defend an introspectionist …

Abstract A thought, in the sense of Descartes and the Cartesians, is a content of consciousness, whatever it may be. Some contents of consciousness are " representative " and have an object to which they relate. Among these, we distinguish between those …

Abstract The immense diversity of floral characteristics (flower shape, size and color, floral odors) is commonly explained by the shared evolutionary history between plants and pollinators. The many species of pollinator are thought to have played a …

Abstract In the history of life, the first interactions between plants and pollinators were almost concomitant with the appearance of flowering plants, or even preceded it. Through natural selection mechanisms, they led to the evolution of traits that …

Abstract In the past few years, there has been considerable activity around a set of quantum bounds on transport coefficients (viscosity, conductivity) and chaos (Lyapunov exponents), relevant at low temperatures. The interest comes from the fact that …

Abstract In these last two lectures, we are interested in models of random (q+1)-regular graphs with N vertices. We study the spectral hole of the adjacency matrix, in the limit where N tends to infinity. We present a result by Joel Friedman, and several …