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Abstract In the inter-war period, the universalist legacy of the Enlightenment was not confined to the colonialist discourse advocating Europe' s civilizing mission . It was used in other ways, from a European perspective, to defend democracy, oppose …

Abstract Unlike the book, the letter implies a particular situation of writing and enunciation, as well as circumstances of reading: as soon as the envelope is opened, the recipient is transformed into a reader, the text into an event and its message into …

Abstract Poussin's painting Les Bergers d'Arcadie does not require us to choose between contradictory interpretations: they are all valid in the same way as optical illusions whose interpretation and referent change depending on whether we structure the …

Abstract The oracle was expressed in the form of an enigma. It fell to a wise man to decipher it and make the encrypted message apparent. If history is the art of looking at the enigmas of the past and grasping their nature as much as the reasons that …

Philippe Portier: "States and religions in Europe: the weight of history" Stéphanie Hennette Vauchez: "The scope and limits of secularism in effective …

Abstract From biocatalysts such as enzymes, to therapeutic targets and drugs such as membrane proteins and antibodies, various classes of proteins are manipulated outside their natural context. Stabilizing them is often a challenge. We will illustrate how …

Abstract Writing as an underground temple where we crawl to consult an oracle in the darkness of the cave, the place of pre-writing. Become the pythia who enunciates an enigma to be submitted to the soothsayer who will decipher it. Past, present and …

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Abstract Since Régine Pernoud and Georges Duby, a tradition, whose influence extends beyond the historiographical framework, locates in the second half of the 12th   century, at the time of Hildegarde de Bingen and Eleanor of Aquitaine, a lost paradise of …

Abstract The " chief merchant " of Mari was called Iddin-Numušda (often abbreviated to Iddiyatum). His archives, found in room 24 of the palace (which A. Parrot had mistaken for a school), allow us to draw up a portrait of him ; they show us in particular …

Abstract Approaches (past and recent) for detecting such enhancer sequences . Enhancer traps and high-throughput screening methods. Some examples, in particular of the dynamic analysis of a regulatory trajectory. In this second lesson, after a brief …

Abstract In Greek and Roman ethnography, the idea that the geographical environment determines the character of its inhabitants was widespread. It can be found in the Hippocratic corpus, as well as among philosophers (Aristotle) and historians (Herodotus, …

Abstract When a waiter asks you for money at the end of a meal, how does your brain understand that it is the food you are paying for? Similar relationships are everywhere in the world and understanding them lets our brains choose good behaviours. Our …

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Abstract After an extensive architectural and museographic renovation, the Musée du Vin de Champagne et d'Archéologie Régionale reopened its doors in May 2021 . Based on a wide range of mediation tools, the new tour highlights the museum's first-rate …

Abstract Among recent advances in machine learning , one of the most impressive is undoubtedly that of generative AI, which in particular makes it possible to create ever more realistic samples of sounds, images and videos from a finite set of examples. …