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To design effective interactive systems, you need to understand your future users. However, we can't just ask them what they want. We need to use methods that reveal what users need, even for technologies that have not yet been invented. This lesson …

Abstract Some information is more confidential than others, or more trustworthy than others. Information flows must therefore be restricted to ensure that confidential information is not divulged, and that incorruptible information is not corrupted. To …

Abstract The Romans saw luxury as the cause of moral corruption and political instability - of their decline. Morality and politics were much more closely linked than they are today, and the former was central to the identity of the Roman elite. A eulogy …

Maud Tenaillon Maud Tenaillon, CNRS research director, leads a team whose work focuses on the evolution and adaptation of domesticated plants. Her main study models are maize and its wild relatives, with questions on the evolution of genome sizes, …

Abstract This lecture looks at domestication as a model for studying biodiversity and evolution, using examples such as the domestication of plants, fruit trees (apple trees), dogs and horses, as well as fungi used for cheese maturing. We also examine the …

Abstract Women composers are too often overlooked. Ignorance of the " geysers of sound " by Alice Mary Smith, an English composer of the 19th century, or of the poignant melodies of an adagio composed by the American Amy Beach is a fairly recent omission …

Abstract What is the past ? T.S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land answers this question by showing the bitter mixture of memory and desire created by any appearance of the past in dead soil. Complete oblivion, associated with winter, is more comfortable than …

By comparing archaeological data, sources from the royal archives and Jewish memory of the attack on the call of the Catalan city of Tàrrega in the summer of 1348, and then comparing it with other examples of the killing of Jews in times of plague in the …

Roger Chartier Professor Emeritus of the Collège de France, Honorary Director of Studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Anneberg Visiting Professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Latest book: Éditier et traduire. Matérialité et …

Abstract Iron arsenide and selenide high temperature superconductors burst onto the scene unexpectedly in 2008. While the precise nature of the physics of these materials remains obscure, there are some chemical factors which enable control of the …

What's the point of polemics ? The sources of public controversy : the case of " irregular migratory flows " (August 2021) Based on an analysis of the polemics triggered by the mention of "irregular migratory flows" in the presidential address of August …

In political matters, the use of precedents was one of the elements that structured diplomatic relations. But we also see kings claiming to innovate, boasting of having done " what none of my predecessors had done ". The creation of new towns is one of …

The Metapontum manteion In 1828 the distinguished Parisian archeologist and numismatist Honoré Théodore d'Albert, duc de Luynes (1802-1867), visited the site of ancient Metapontum, the Greek colony established towards the end of the seventh century BC on …

Abstract The photovoltaic cell is the basic device for photo-electric conversion. How are modules obtained from this cell? What other components are needed to produce electricity in a photovoltaic power plant? How can we restore confidence and convince …

Abstract Paleoclimatologists have developed numerous indicators for estimating continental and oceanic surface temperatures. These paleothermometers are mainly based, on the one hand, on the distribution of plant species (e.g. pollen, diatoms) or animal …

Photovoltaic cells have to be integrated into complete systems, optimized for the specific requirements, with a view to system performance, cost and environmental characteristics. Cells are first integrated, in series and in parallel, into modules, to …

Abstract According to a school of thought associated with authors such as Kendall Walton or Gregory Currie, the type of mental state that a fictional text aims to produce is the simulation of the doxastic attitude (belief or judgment) that a non-fictional …