Abstract
While crises are often viewed as unique events, they also share common traits. This lecture will propose a framework for analysis that situates the occurrence of crises—particularly, but not exclusively, health crises—within the emergence of hyper-organized societies beginning in the 1990s. It will show that the uncertainty and complexity that characterize crises are not so much the result of climate change, geopolitical instability, urbanization, or new technologies, but rather the product of organizational fragmentation leading to what Ulrich Beck terms “organized irresponsibility.”