Born on August 31, 1900, in Tunis (Tunisia). Died on May 13, 1999, in Brussels (Belgium).
Education and Professional Career
- 1923: Teacher at Lycée Carnot, Tunis
- 1926: Teacher at Collège Chasseloup-Laubat, Saigon
- 1927: Teacher at Lycée Albert Sarraut, Hanoi
- 1932: Professor at the University of Hanoi
- 1936: Lecturer, then professor at the Free University of Brussels
- 1936: Doctor of Philosophy, Paris
- 1939: Called to arms
- 1940: Lecturer (geography) at the Faculty of Arts in Montpellier
- 1942: Professor of Geography at the Faculty of Arts in Bordeaux
- 1944: Vice President of the Liberation Committee of the Gironde department
- 1947–1970: Professor at the Collège de France in the Chair of Tropical Studies