Résumé
Genetic variation among individuals of the same species fuels evolutionary change and adaptation to a changing environment. Yet, the maintenance of large genetic variation for adaptive traits in natural populations is still discussed as a theoretical paradox in evolutionary biology. I will review various models of evolution in patchy populations that have shed light on how landscape configuration and diversity contributes to maintenance of large adaptation potential and conversely on how simplification and fragmentation threatens the adaptive capacity of species in these landscapes.
