Presentation
The aim of this year's lectures is to re-elaborate the concept of moral socialism as a response to the joint impasses of state socialism and contemporary capitalism. The aim is to revive the critical legacy of the Enlightenment, understood as a process of emancipation from the self-inculpated " immaturity ", in order to rethink freedom in the form of a universalizable moral agency, defined by responsibility and the mutual recognition of individuals as ends in themselves. The critique of capitalism is thus reconciled on an ethical level, oriented towards the construction of a horizon of collective emancipation. With this in mind, the lectures examine the critical method as an articulation of reason and history, revisit the categories of progress and social class, and analyze the interweaving of legal, political and economic structures in the reproduction of social relations. They also examine the tensions between democracy and capitalism, between nationalism, socialism and cosmopolitanism, and reflect on revolution conceived less as a conjunctural event than as a cultural and intellectual transformation.