Abstract
The relevance of the critical method to the critique of capitalism lies in its ability to articulate reason and history to analyze contemporary social structures. Drawing on Kant and Marx, this approach examines the foundations of modern rationality and how it guides human action. Kant, a philosopher of the autonomy of reason, proposes a reflection on freedom as the capacity to act according to universalizable principles independent of authority. Marx, on the other hand, places this freedom in the context of social relations and the material conditions of production. Their dialogue enables us to move beyond a purely individual vision of freedom, and envision a relational freedom rooted in collective structures. The critical method thus understood is not limited to describing the world : it questions the limits of knowledge, the normativity of action and the possibility of social transformation, opening up avenues for rethinking capitalism.
