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Abstract As decipherers of everyday writings, papyrologists have the privilege of observing the past through the small eye of a spyglass. Shards inscribed in Greek found in the garbage cans of ancient forts between the Nile and the Red Sea reveal …

Abstract Many macroscopic systems are justified by a condition of local microscopic equilibrium. In the case of particles in deterministic interactions, this is a condition of statistical independence between the particles, known as "molecular chaos", …

Abstract Many of the above ideas found their first clear expression over half a century ago in Kripke's Naming and Necessity . Kripke's work, however, has been misappropriated by many of his interpreters. This applies particularly to Kripke's …

Abstract When illustrating printed editions, neo-hioglyphic inscriptions are usually accompanied by a translation. But what if the translation is lacking, as is usually the case with inscriptions on monuments or paintings? The visitor or viewer becomes a …

Abstract The extent and mass of snow and ice (continental ice caps, sea ice, snow, mountain glaciers, frozen ground) is one of the main indicators of the state of the global climate system. The reason is obvious  : their extent and mass are strongly …

Abstract During the last deglaciation, sea levels rose by around 140   meters in 10   000   years. Today, the surface of the oceans is rising, on average, by 4   mm per year, with a clear acceleration trend. For over 30   years, sea levels have been …

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Abstract We continue our study of the asymptotics of moduli space volumes in large genus, following Mirzakhani and Mirzakhani-Zograf. We deduce some asymptotic properties of random hyperbolic surfaces in large genus: for example, we compute the …

Abstract While the preservation of their bodies within a rich tomb was a priority for the Egyptian elite, they also readily multiplied statues in their image in local sanctuaries and sacred places. These images can be of very different types, such as …

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Abstract The resounding discovery of part of Notre-Dame's medieval rood screen at the crossroads of the Notre-Dame transept in 2022, as part of Inrap's preventive excavations, the joint work of restorers and research engineers on the cathedral's post-fire …

Abstract The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the oldest light we can observe, emitted around 380   000   years after the Big Bang. Observations of the CMB reveal tiny temperature fluctuations. These anisotropies contain a wealth of information about …

Abstract More than 95 % of the Universe's content is black or unknown : in addition to the 25 % made up of exotic dark matter, for the last twenty-five years we have known that the expansion is accelerating, due to dark energy which represents 70 % of the …