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The Origins of Geometric Symbols since Prehistory: A Language of Thought? Abstract In the Lascaux cave, just below the magnificent drawing of a large deer, is the simple but unmistakable outline of a rectangle. All over the world, since prehistoric times, …

Abstract For centuries, it was expected that all planetary systems, by virtue of the universality of physical laws, would roughly resemble our own, with small rocky planets on the inside and gas giants on the outside, all on nearly circular, coplanar …

Abstract In low- and middle-income countries, there are many small businesses, and few large ones. How can this be explained ? And how do companies in poor countries operate ? Are they as productive ? Do they face specific …

Abstract After an introduction to the entire course and seminar, the first lecture traced the appearance of control structures in the first programming languages (1945-1965) : assembly languages, where control is expressed by unconditional or conditional …

Abstract Challenges are proposed by public services, companies or scientific laboratories, and are based on real-life problems. Participants submit the results of their classification or prediction algorithms, which are then put into competition via the …

Abstract Is love in marriage based on a division between the carnal and the spiritual, which presupposed that a woman could give herself to her husband " without any quivering of the soul " (Georges Duby) ? Despite the efforts of moralists, the Middle …

The Monte-Carlo method approximates averages by empirical sums of independent samples, which is equivalent to approximating integrals, potentially in very high dimensions. It is used in physics to simulate systems with a large number of degrees of …

Abstract After recounting his chance encounter with Carlo Emilio Gadda's La Connaissance de la douleur , Philippe Bordas returns to the work of a great author, little known in France and belatedly known in Italy. For Pasolini, however, Gadda was Dante's …

Documents and media Download support Abstract When interpreting, when reading, what place should be given to details in relation to the overall picture ? We may tend to neglect them in favor of an overall interpretation. Or, on the contrary, we may want …

Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch : "  Études coloniales, postcoloniales, décoloniales : enjeux et perspectives " Denis Cogneau : "  What is the economic and political assessment of …

Abstract First appearing in the theoretical field, the black hole is now part of the standard astrophysical bestiary. After introducing the concept of the black hole within the framework of the relativistic theory of gravitation - general relativity - we …

Abstract Stars with masses greater than 8 solar masses have a very short life on the main sequence, and then burn helium, followed by carbon, oxygen, etc., until they have a core of iron and silicon. Fusion continues in shells, until the core implodes and …